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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Magnetic RNA building blocks (RBBs)-driven modular spheroid assembly.

Kyung A Kim1, Yoonbin Ji1, Sunghyun Moon1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.

Biomaterials
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel RNA building block system for precise 3D cell culture. This magnetic, biodegradable platform enables controlled assembly of multicellular spheroids for tissue engineering and drug screening.

Keywords:
3d cell culturesClick chemistryMagnetic particlesRNARolling circle transcriptionSpheroids

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Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

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Published on: May 8, 2015

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

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07:59

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: December 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • 3D Cell Culture

Background:

  • Physiologically relevant 3D cell culture is crucial for tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening.
  • Conventional spheroid fabrication methods struggle with reproducibility, architectural control, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a modular spheroid assembly strategy using magnetic RNA building blocks (RBBs) and cell building blocks (CBBs).
  • To enable programmable and bioorthogonal construction of 3D multicellular architectures with enhanced control and biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

  • RBBs synthesized via rolling circle transcription with Mn2+ for magnetic responsiveness.
  • DBCO-modified nucleotides incorporated for bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) with CBBs.
  • Modular assembly using secondary click chemistry for heterotypic spheroid integration and magnetic spatial control.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly selective and rapid spheroid formation with uniform 3D organization.
  • Demonstrated high cell viability and robust biocompatibility across multiple cell types.
  • Successfully integrated heterotypic spheroids and achieved magnetic spatial control, mimicking tissue microenvironments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed RNA-based platform offers a versatile, tunable, and biodegradable solution for constructing magnetically controllable, heterocellular spheroids.
  • This approach advances next-generation 3D culture systems for various biomedical applications.
  • The magnetic scaffolds are fully degradable under physiological conditions, allowing residue-free removal.