A new dual-functional sensing system for glucose detection and logic gate construction based on PNIPAM-GOD/Co-MoS₂...

Glucose, an essential biomolecule and a widely used clinical drug, plays a pivotal role in biological processes and disease treatment. Herein, a binary intelligent hydrogel system (PNIPAM-GOD/Co-MoS₂) was constructed by integrating cobalt-doped MoS₂ (Co-MoS₂) nanomaterials and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) embedded with glucose oxidase (PNIPAM-GOD). Co-MoS₂, synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method, was modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the catalytic inner layer to address the poor conductivity of PNIPAM. PNIPAM-GOD hydrogel was then drop-coated as the outer layer for glucose recognition and stimulus-responsive signal switching. Under optimal conditions, the PNIPAM-GOD/Co-MoS₂/GCE demonstrated excellent glucose detection performance with a linear range of 9.0-54.0 mM (R² = 0.9941) and favorable applicability in real samples. Moreover, using 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FDA) as an electroactive enzyme mediator, the biosensor displayed reversible electrochemical switching behaviors triggered by temperature, salt, and glucose-mechanisms of which were systematically investigated. Combining these switching properties with the outstanding catalytic activity of Co-MoS₂, a series of logic devices were constructed, including a binary 4-input/5-output logic gate network, a 2-to-4 decoder, and a 2-to-1 encoder. These logic gate systems further enhance the complexity of non-conventional computing systems based on biological/pharmaceutical molecules, providing new insights for the development of intelligent biosensors.