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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Impact of alanine mutations on buffalo nasal odorant binding protein-ligand interactions: implications for estrus biosensing.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
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Published on: February 13, 2021

Olfaction-based biosensor technology in cattle reproduction: Current status and future perspectives.

Manikkaraja Chidhambaram1, Govindaraju Archunan2

  • 1Pheromone Technology Lab, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden.

Animal Reproduction Science
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Accurate estrus detection in cattle is crucial for farm economics. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) offer a biologically precise method for detecting estrus pheromones, overcoming limitations of current biosensors.

Keywords:
BiosensorsCattleEstrus detectionOdorant-binding proteinsPheromones

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Published on: October 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biosensor technology

Background:

  • Estrus detection is vital for cattle reproduction and farm profitability.
  • Bulls use olfactory cues for precise estrus detection, highlighting chemical signaling's role.
  • Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) bind estrus pheromones, initiating olfactory signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review chemical cues and OBP functions in estrus detection.
  • To explore advancements in OBP-based biosensors for reproductive diagnostics.
  • To establish a translational approach for field-deployable diagnostics in buffaloes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chemical signaling in estrus detection.
  • Analysis of OBP properties (specificity, stability) for biosensing.
  • Evaluation of current biosensor limitations (e.g., electronic noses).

Main Results:

  • OBPs exhibit high ligand specificity and stability, ideal for biosensing.
  • OBP-based systems offer direct molecular recognition of estrus pheromones.
  • Current technologies like electronic noses lack biological precision and suffer from cross-reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • OBP-based biosensors promise biologically precise estrus detection.
  • These systems overcome limitations of existing indirect detection methods.
  • Development of field-deployable OBP diagnostics is crucial for buffalo silent heat detection.