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Related Concept Videos

Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Projectile Motion01:20

Projectile Motion

An object thrown in the air follows a parabolic path under the influence of Earth's gravitational force. The motion of such an object is called projectile motion, and the object itself a projectile. The parabolic path followed by the projectile is called the trajectory. Some common examples of projectile motion are the launching of fireworks, a golf ball in the air, meteors entering the Earth's atmosphere, and the firing of bullets.
When an object falls under gravity and has no horizontal...
Projectile Motion: Example01:18

Projectile Motion: Example

The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
When we speak of the range (R) of a projectile on level...
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
12:43

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: February 21, 2011

Ballistic tongues.

Yu Zeng1, Stephen M Deban1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ballistic tongues in vertebrates launch and retract rapidly for feeding. Zeng and Deban review similarities, differences, and evolutionary aspects of these specialized tongues.

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µTongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo
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µTongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo

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Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 18, 2010

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A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: February 21, 2011

µTongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo
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Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 18, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Vertebrate paleontology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Ballistic tongues are a specialized feeding adaptation in certain vertebrates.
  • These tongues exhibit rapid projection and retraction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ballistic tongues in three vertebrate species.
  • To highlight similarities and differences in their functional morphology and evolutionary history.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of ballistic tongue mechanisms.
  • Review of ecological advantages and evolutionary trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Similarities and differences in launch and retraction mechanisms were identified across species.
  • Ecological advantages and evolutionary history of ballistic tongues were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Ballistic tongues represent a convergent evolutionary adaptation with diverse mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to address open questions regarding their evolution and function.