Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[International multidisciplinary consensus statement on perioperative fasting in adults].

Die Anaesthesiologie·2026
Same author

[Development of a curriculum for a fellowship in pediatric anesthesiology in Germany].

Die Anaesthesiologie·2026
Same author

Die Anaesthesiologie·2026
Same authorSame journal

[Correction: Anaesthesiological Concepts in Paediatric Neurosurgery].

Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS·2026
Same author

Perioperative blood management in Jehovah's Witnesses.

Die Anaesthesiologie·2026
Same author

Beyond daylight: emergent cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease during evenings and nights: clinical demand and logistical realities.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

[Anaesthesiological Concepts in Paediatric Neurosurgery].

Josefin Grabert, Ehrenfried Schindler

    Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
    |May 18, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Paediatric neurosurgery requires tailored anaesthesia for children, focusing on intracranial dynamics and homeostasis. Key considerations include airway management, vascular access, and haemotherapy for diverse neurosurgical procedures.

    More Related Videos

    Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
    09:47

    Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

    Published on: June 2, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
    14:52

    Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

    Published on: January 13, 2018

    Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
    09:47

    Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

    Published on: June 2, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Anesthesiology
    • Neurosurgery
    • Cerebral Physiology

    Background:

    • Pediatric neurosurgery involves a wide patient range, from neonates to adolescents, with varying health statuses.
    • Understanding the intracranial compartment (brain tissue, blood volume, cerebrospinal fluid) is crucial.
    • Cerebral perfusion accounts for a significant portion of a child's cardiac output, making intracranial bleeding a risk for hemorrhagic shock.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the unique anaesthesiologic considerations for pediatric neurosurgery.
    • To emphasize the importance of maintaining homeostasis and its effects on cerebral autoregulation and intracranial pressure.
    • To review anaesthetic management for common pediatric neurosurgical conditions and potential complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Preoperative evaluation focusing on neurological status and underlying syndromes.
    • Perioperative strategies including airway management, vascular access, and haemotherapy.
    • Discussion of anaesthetic requirements for conditions like intracranial tumors, hydrocephalus, craniosynostosis, spinal surgery, and traumatic brain injury.

    Main Results:

    • Highlights the necessity of a patient-tailored approach in pediatric neuroanaesthesia.
    • Identifies key perioperative factors influencing outcomes.
    • Delineates strategies for managing complications such as seizures and air embolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective anaesthetic management is vital for optimizing outcomes in pediatric neurosurgery.
    • A thorough understanding of intracranial physiology and tailored perioperative care are essential.
    • Preparedness for managing complications is critical for patient safety.