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Updated: May 20, 2026

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome
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Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

Association between Changes in Status Based on Multiple Metabolic Syndrome Criteria and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Hiroki Takizawa1, Kazuya Fujihara1, Takaaki Sato1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) onset increases cardiovascular disease risk. Remission of MetS, particularly with optimized criteria, significantly reduces this risk in both men and women.

Keywords:
Cardiometabolic risk factorsCoronary artery diseaseFemaleMetabolic syndromeStrokeWaist circumference

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Published on: January 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is dynamic and its changes over time require evaluation.
  • Previous studies have not adequately assessed MetS remission and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by sex and diagnostic criteria.
  • Optimized thresholds are crucial for accurately predicting CVD risk associated with MetS status changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between changes in MetS status and CVD risk in men and women.
  • To compare CVD risk across different MetS diagnostic criteria (NCEP-ATP III, IDF, Japan, and new optimized criteria).
  • To determine if MetS remission reduces CVD risk, considering sex and diagnostic criteria.

Main Methods:

  • A large cohort of 201,007 men and 99,579 women aged 20-72 years with no prior CVD history.
  • Participants were categorized into MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-remission, and MetS-persisted groups based on a 2-year baseline period.
  • Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for subsequent CVD events.

Main Results:

  • MetS development significantly increased CVD risk (1.5-1.8 fold in men, 1.6-2.6 fold in women) across all criteria.
  • MetS remission, using new optimized criteria, significantly reduced CVD risk compared to MetS persistence (HR ~0.56-0.58).
  • Risk modifications were more pronounced in individuals with obesity and younger age.

Conclusions:

  • MetS onset is consistently linked to elevated CVD risk.
  • MetS remission, especially with optimized criteria, offers substantial CVD risk reduction (~40%) in both sexes.
  • Interventions aimed at preventing and resolving MetS are strongly supported to mitigate CVD risk.