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Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members: Problem Solving01:07

Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members: Problem Solving

The shear center of a channel section with uniform thickness, height, and width, is determined by computing the shear force in the member and calculating the moments of inertia of the sections.
To compute the shear forces, find the shear flow at a specific distance from the endpoint using the vertical shear and the moment of inertia values. The total shear force on the flange is calculated by integrating the shear flow from one end of the flange to the other.
Next, calculate the moments of...
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving01:09

Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving

Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...
Frictional Forces on Screws01:17

Frictional Forces on Screws

Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
A jack with a square-threaded screw is a mechanical device used to lift heavy loads by applying a force at its handle. When the force is applied, the screw turns, raising the load. The screw can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads
07:58

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Published on: July 25, 2025

Novel calculation methods for geometrically accurate thread depth.

Mátyás Andó1

  • 1Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. am@inf.elte.hu.

Scientific Reports
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New calculation methods precisely determine thread depth for CNC machining in high-mix, low-volume manufacturing. This advances automated G-code generation, improving accuracy and reducing waste in producing complex threaded components.

Keywords:
CNC machiningExternal and internal threadsGood at firstGreen manufacturingThread depth calculationThread tolerances

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Area of Science:

  • Advanced Manufacturing
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Metrology

Background:

  • High-Mix Low-Volume (HMLV) manufacturing faces challenges in achieving first-pass conformity for threaded components.
  • Strict ISO tolerances, non-standard tool geometries, and gauge-based corrections limit machining accuracy and increase waste.
  • Current methods result in significant setup time, energy consumption, and material waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel calculation methods for precise geometrical determination of thread depth in CNC turning and milling.
  • To enable automatic and dimensionally accurate G-code generation for metric external and internal threads.
  • To address limitations in HMLV environments for producing components with atypical thread sizes and tolerance classes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed three new calculation methods integrating ISO pitch-diameter tolerances, tool geometry, and nose radius.
  • Method 1: External thread turning with full-profile inserts.
  • Method 2: Generalized model for external thread milling with free-form radii.
  • Method 3: Internal thread approach incorporating pre-machined reference diameters.

Main Results:

  • The proposed methods enable precise geometrical determination of thread depth for CNC machining.
  • Validated through industrial case studies, demonstrating enhanced precision manufacturing.
  • Eliminated trial-and-error adjustments, improving efficiency and reducing waste.

Conclusions:

  • The new methods contribute to advanced and green manufacturing practices.
  • Improved automation readiness and shortened machine setup cycles.
  • Enabled reliable production of atypical thread sizes and tolerance classes, enhancing manufacturing flexibility.