The effect of vaping and smoking on colonic anastomosis healing in an experimental animal model

Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication after colorectal surgery. Smoking is known to impair anastomotic healing. The use of electronic cigarettes is increasing worldwide, and information about their effects on wound healing remains limited. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes on rats. Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into control, smoking, and vaping groups. Exposures were given twice daily for 30 days, and cotinine levels confirmed nicotine intake. On day 30 all animals underwent colonic anastomosis and were sacrificed seven days later. Bursting pressure, histopathology, and hydroxyproline levels were assessed. Cotinine levels were similar in the smoking and vaping groups. Bursting pressure showed no significant differences. Hydroxyproline content and histological scores, however, were significantly reduced in both exposure groups compared with controls, indicating impaired healing. In conclusion, vaping and smoking did not reduce mechanical strength but both impaired collagen synthesis and tissue repair. These results suggest that electronic cigarettes may not be a safer alternative to smoking in the surgical setting.