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Botryosphaeria dothidea: comprehensive understanding of its pathogenicity, resistance mechanisms, and management
Peng-Liang Han1, Hou-Chao Wang1, Hao Wu1
1National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
Main Conclusion:
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria dothidea, highlights the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying apple resistance to this pathogen, and discusses current and emerging management strategies for controlling B. dothidea infections in apple. Botryosphaeria dothidea is a highly destructive fungal pathogen, responsible for canker, dieback, and fruit rot in apple (Malus × domestica) worldwide. This pathogen poses a serious threat to apple production due to its broad host range, endophytic survival ability, and emerging fungicide resistance. This review synthesizes the infection process, disease symptoms, and environmental factors driving disease. We also review the genetic and molecular basis of apple resistance to B. dothidea, highlighting key genes, signaling pathways, and regulatory mechanisms involved in disease resistance. Finally, we provide an overview of cultural practices, chemical and biological control, and integrated management strategies used to manage B. dothidea infections in apple orchards. By clarifying the complex host-pathogen interactions, this review aims to inform future research and advance sustainable disease management solutions.
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