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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Synergistic PNS-NAC Bioadhesive Microspheres for Enhanced Intestinal Permeability and Oral Bioavailability.

Kun Qiu1, Hanling Shi1, Ming Chen2

  • 1The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210 Shanghai, China.

Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bioadhesive microspheres co-loaded with Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly enhance oral bioavailability. This novel system improves drug permeability and protects against gastric degradation, offering a promising oral delivery solution.

Keywords:
N-Acetyl-L-cysteinePanax notoginseng saponinsbioadhesive microspheresintestinal mucus permeationoral bioavailability.pharmacokinetic studies

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) exhibit poor oral bioavailability due to low permeability and acid instability.
  • Existing delivery systems for PNS lack NAC-modified adhesive microspheres.
  • N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can enhance drug transport by modifying the mucus barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop bioadhesive microspheres co-loaded with PNS and NAC (PNS-NAC-BMS).
  • To improve PNS stability in the gastric environment and enhance intestinal permeability.
  • To increase the oral bioavailability of PNS.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PNS-NAC-BMS using solvent evaporation.
  • Characterization of microspheres for morphology, particle size, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, mucoadhesion, and in vitro release.
  • Assessment of permeability using mucin and mucus models, followed by rat pharmacokinetic studies.

Main Results:

  • PNS-NAC-BMS demonstrated spherical morphology, high encapsulation efficiency (91.55%), and strong intestinal adhesion (94.83%).
  • The system exhibited sustained release and high apparent permeability coefficients across various mucus models.
  • Pharmacokinetic studies showed a 2.6-fold increase in oral bioavailability compared to PNS Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).

Conclusions:

  • PNS-NAC-BMS effectively enhances intestinal adhesion and sustained drug release.
  • The system synergistically improves intestinal mucus permeability and oral bioavailability of PNS.
  • This novel delivery system shows significant potential for effective oral drug delivery, though long-term stability and safety require further investigation.