Progress in Adoptive Cell Therapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer

Although great progress has been achieved in radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and molecular targeted therapy for gastric cancer in recent years,the clinical benefits for patients with gastric cancer are very limited due to the high heterogeneity of gastric cancer.As the research on the immune microenvironment and the progression mechanism of solid cancers keeps advancing,accumulating evidence indicates that adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT),as a novel precision therapy,holds important potential clinical applications in solid tumors such as gastric cancer.Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy,T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy,natural killer (NK) cell therapy,etc.can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by conjugating specific antigen recognition components with T cells,genetically engineering T cells,and expanding and reinfusing NK cells in vitro.They exhibit particularly favorable therapeutic effects in patients with unresectable and metastatic gastric cancer.This article reviews the therapeutic principles,classification,main targets,and current treatment status of ACT and explores the opportunities and challenges it faces in the precision treatment of advanced gastric cancer,aiming to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.