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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection
07:45

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Published on: September 19, 2025

Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction in Hospitalized Patients With Influenza: The FluHeart Study.

Kristoffer Grundtvig Skaarup1,2, Filip Soeskov Davidovski1,2, Emil Durukan3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Influenza infection significantly impacts heart function, with over half of hospitalized patients showing cardiac dysfunction. Higher inflammation levels correlate with increased risk of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular issues, highlighting a critical link.

Keywords:
C‐reactive proteinheart functioninflammationinfluenza

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection
07:45

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Published on: September 19, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Influenza virus infection is linked to acute cardiovascular events.
  • The precise relationship between influenza-induced inflammation and cardiac dysfunction requires further elucidation.
  • This study investigates the association between inflammation severity and cardiac impairment in hospitalized influenza patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between the severity of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in hospitalized patients with influenza.
  • To assess cardiac function using echocardiography in patients with confirmed influenza.
  • To determine if inflammatory markers correlate with specific echocardiographic measures of cardiac impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study conducted across three influenza seasons (2021-2024) in Denmark.
  • Consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza underwent protocolized echocardiography.
  • Multivariable models assessed associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and cardiac function measures.

Main Results:

  • Over half of 241 patients exhibited cardiac dysfunction, including left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (54%), elevated LV filling pressure (15%), right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (29%), and pulmonary hypertension (31%).
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) showed nonlinear associations with LV filling pressure (E/e'), RV systolic pressure (RVSP), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).
  • Cardiac function measures worsened with increasing CRP levels up to 100 mg/L, with RVSP continuing to worsen at higher CRP concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac dysfunction is prevalent in hospitalized influenza patients.
  • Higher inflammation levels are independently associated with elevated LV filling pressure, pulmonary hypertension, and RV dysfunction.
  • Findings support a significant link between influenza infection, inflammation, and cardiac impairment.