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Disability and Functionality Measures in Patients With Acute Ankle Sprain: A Scoping Review
Andressa Pereira de Souza1, Carolina Santarelli1, Luiza Murakami1
1Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
|May 19, 2026
Summary
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to assess disability and function in acute ankle sprain patients. The participation domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is most frequently addressed.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Rehabilitation Medicine
- Physical Therapy
Background:
- Acute ankle sprain is a common musculoskeletal injury.
- Standardized measurement of disability and function is crucial for effective treatment and rehabilitation.
- The International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF) provides a framework for describing health and health-related states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how disability and functionality are measured in patients with acute ankle sprain.
- To categorize these measurements according to the ICF framework.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning acute ankle sprain was performed.
- Searches were conducted across four databases up to February 2024, with no language restrictions.
- Evidence selection, data extraction, and summarization were aligned with the ICF.
Main Results:
- Forty-nine RCTs were included in the review.
- Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the predominant assessment tools (71.4%), with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) being the most utilized.
- The majority of measurement tools focused on the participation domain of the ICF, followed by the activity domain.
Conclusions:
- PROMs are the standard for assessing disability and functionality in acute ankle sprain RCTs.
- The ICF domains of participation and activity are most comprehensively represented in current outcome measures.
