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Related Concept Videos

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
08:18

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Remote Sensing Enables Basin-Scale Inventories of Coal Mine Methane.

Elise Penn1, Daniel J Jacob2, Daniel M Bon3

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Aircraft remote sensing accurately estimates methane emissions from U.S. coal mines. This method can improve global coal mine methane (CMM) emission reporting, overcoming limitations of current emission factor (EF) approaches.

Keywords:
AVIRISaircraft remote sensingcoal mine emissionsemission factorsgob wellhyperspectralmethane inventoriesnear-infraredventilation shaft

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Geosciences

Background:

  • Underground coal mines are significant global sources of methane (CH4).
  • Current methane emission estimates for coal mines often lack accuracy and certainty.
  • Most countries lack direct measurement capabilities for national methane emission reporting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of aircraft remote-sensing for estimating U.S. coal mine methane emissions.
  • To compare different methane emission estimation methodologies, including IPCC Tier 1, 2, and MC2M.
  • To develop a remote-sensing based approach for improved basin- and national-scale methane emission quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Aircraft remote-sensing surveys were conducted over U.S. coal mines.
  • Emission estimates were compared against direct measurements (IPCC Tier 3).
  • Emission factors (EFs) from various methods (IPCC Tier 1, MC2M, IPCC Tier 2) were analyzed and validated.

Main Results:

  • Aircraft remote-sensing estimates for individual mines showed good agreement (within 40%) with direct U.S. measurements.
  • IPCC Tier 1 and MC2M methods significantly overestimate U.S. coal mine methane emissions (3-fold).
  • Aircraft remote sensing successfully derived basin-specific EFs for ventilation shafts and gob wells.

Conclusions:

  • Aircraft remote sensing offers a reliable method for estimating coal mine methane emissions.
  • This approach can improve the accuracy of national and global methane emission inventories.
  • Satellite remote sensing holds potential for worldwide coal mine methane emission quantification.