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Updated: May 20, 2026

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection
Published on: June 13, 2023
Yue Liu1, Le Cheng2, Bingbing Zhang1
1College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Accurate array element localization (AEL) is crucial for underwater acoustics. A new ray propagation model (RPM) improves vertical localization and timing estimation in deep oceans, outperforming the linear propagation model (LPM).
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