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High-precision array element localization for bottom-mounted horizontal line arrays in the deep oceana).

Yue Liu1, Le Cheng2, Bingbing Zhang1

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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Summary

Accurate array element localization (AEL) is crucial for underwater acoustics. A new ray propagation model (RPM) improves vertical localization and timing estimation in deep oceans, outperforming the linear propagation model (LPM).

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • High-precision array element localization (AEL) is critical for bottom-mounted horizontal line arrays.
  • Deployment uncertainties and environmental factors like sound-speed variability degrade performance in deep-ocean acoustics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved AEL method for deep-ocean environments.
  • To enhance localization accuracy and source-timing estimation by accounting for complex acoustic propagation and environmental variability.

Main Methods:

  • Formulated AEL as a simultaneous localization and mapping problem within a Bayesian framework.
  • Incorporated a ray propagation model (RPM) to utilize direct and surface-reflected paths, accounting for sound-speed profile variations.
  • Employed an extended Kalman filter for joint estimation of array geometry, source trajectory, emission time, and sound-speed bias.

Main Results:

  • The RPM-based method achieved comparable horizontal localization accuracy to the linear propagation model (LPM).
  • Significantly improved vertical localization performance and source-timing estimation compared to LPM.
  • Demonstrated robustness to sound-speed profile uncertainty through sensitivity and consistency analyses.
  • Array calibration reduced bearing estimation RMSE from 4.36° to 0.29°, improving beamforming gain by 2.1 dB.

Conclusions:

  • The RPM-based Bayesian approach enhances AEL accuracy in challenging deep-ocean conditions.
  • This method offers significant improvements in vertical localization and source-timing estimation.
  • Effective array calibration is vital for practical applications, leading to substantial performance gains.