Practical applications of ultrasound B-scan in vitreoretinal conditions: A narrative review

Ocular ultrasonography is a key imaging modality when the posterior segment cannot be directly visualised by ophthalmoscopy. Image quality and interpretation are operator-dependent. Thus, good technique and understanding of the strengths and limitations of the different ultrasonography modalities e.g. A-scan (time-amplitude), B-scan (brightness), doppler and ultrasound biomicroscopy are valuable, especially in complex cases with diagnostic uncertainty. This article discusses the practical applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of common vitreoretinal emergencies (vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis) and complications of anterior segment surgery (choroidal effusion, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, malpositioned or dislocated lens).