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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Surface-enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Nanoprobe Ratiometry for Detecting Microscopic Ovarian Cancer via Folate Receptor Targeting
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Engineering Layered Nanomaterials for Cancer Theranostics: Current Progress and Future Opportunities.

Xiangrong Pan1, Tingting Hu2, Yajie Zhang3

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Atomic-level engineering of layered nanomaterials (LNs) enhances cancer theranostics. Strategies like crystal phase and defect engineering optimize LNs for improved diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
bioimagingcancer therapylayered nanomaterialsstructural engineeringtheranostics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Layered nanomaterials (LNs) offer tunable physicochemical properties for advanced cancer theranostics.
  • Conventional nanoplatforms face limitations in precision and efficacy for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in atomic-level engineering of LNs for cancer theranostics.
  • To discuss various engineering strategies and their impact on theranostic performance.
  • To evaluate the advantages, limitations, and clinical translation challenges of engineered LNs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of atomic-level engineering strategies for LNs.
  • Analysis of five key engineering approaches: crystal phase, defect, heteroatom doping, interlayer spacing, and crystalline-to-amorphous phase engineering.
  • Discussion of synthetic methods, mechanisms, and theranostic applications (photothermal conversion, ROS generation, multimodal imaging).

Main Results:

  • Atomic-level engineering significantly enhances LN properties for cancer theranostics.
  • Specific strategies optimize photothermal conversion, reactive oxygen species generation, and multimodal imaging capabilities.
  • Evaluation of advantages and limitations provides a balanced view of strategy applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic-level engineering is crucial for advancing LN-based cancer theranostics.
  • Addressing challenges in structural stability, biosafety, and scalability is vital for clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on intelligent, adaptive, and personalized LN nanomedicines for precision oncology.