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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
06:48

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

Published on: May 9, 2025

Flow-Cell-Compatible Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Probing Reaction Intermediates during Carbon

Yu-Jhih Shen1, Yung-Hsi Hsu1, Yu-Chia Chang1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new operando spectroscopy method for electrocatalysis. This technique detects crucial reaction intermediates during carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) in flow cells, advancing catalyst mechanism studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrocatalysis
  • Surface Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Elucidating reaction intermediates is crucial for understanding electrocatalysis.
  • Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) mechanisms vary significantly between H-cells and flow cells.
  • Accurate operando characterization under realistic conditions is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a flow-cell-compatible operando surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform.
  • Enable sensitive detection of transient intermediates in CO2RR.
  • Establish a general spectroscopic strategy for mechanistic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs@SiO2) optimized for 785 nm excitation.
  • Utilized plasmonic resonance for signal enhancement and fluorescence suppression.
  • Employed a benchmark copper catalyst in a flow cell setup.

Main Results:

  • Directly detected key transient intermediates (*CO2- and *HOCCOH) previously inaccessible.
  • Resolved adsorbed *CO into distinct components (bridge-bonded, low-frequency, high-frequency).
  • Established a quantitative correlation between *CO speciation and C2 selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed AuNRs@SiO2 platform enables sensitive operando SERS measurements under practical CO2RR conditions.
  • Direct detection of intermediates provides critical insights into CO2RR mechanisms in flow cells.
  • Highlights the necessity of realistic mass transport considerations for accurate mechanistic studies.