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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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  3. Visual Perceptual Learning Enhances Functional Connectivity In Retinotopic Space.
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  3. Visual Perceptual Learning Enhances Functional Connectivity In Retinotopic Space.

Related Experiment Video

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visual Perceptual Learning Enhances Functional Connectivity in Retinotopic Space.

Vikranth R Bejjanki1, Nicholas B Turk-Browne2

  • 1Hamilton College, Clinton, NY.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|May 19, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceptual learning enhances visual processing by strengthening connections between brain areas. This study shows improved shape detection after training, linked to increased functional connectivity in visual cortex (V1 and V4).

More Related Videos

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Perceptual learning, the improvement in behavioral performance with repeated task exposure, is a key aspect of cognitive function.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying perceptual learning are debated, with theories including plasticity in cortical connectivity.
  • Computational models suggest enhanced information transmission through sensory hierarchies via altered connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that perceptual learning enhances functional connectivity between visual areas (V1 and V4) at specific retinotopic locations.
  • To investigate if changes in functional connectivity correlate with behavioral improvements in visual perception.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity and functional connectivity.
  • Participants performed a visual shape detection task in different visual quadrants before and after training.
  • Connectivity between V1 and V4 voxels responsive to trained and control visual locations was analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Behavioral sensitivity for the trained shape significantly improved post-training compared to the control shape.
    • Functional connectivity between V1 and V4 voxels increased for the trained retinotopic location.
    • The magnitude of increased functional connectivity predicted the degree of behavioral improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Perceptual learning in humans involves increased functional connectivity between visual cortical areas.
    • Altered network dynamics, specifically enhanced connectivity, support the improved processing of behaviorally relevant visual information.
    • Findings support computational models of perceptual learning mediated by plasticity in neural connectivity.