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Updated: May 21, 2026

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
Published on: June 23, 2013
Long-chain fatty acids rewire macrophage polarization through metabolic reprogramming: mechanisms and disease
Chenpeng He1, Yuhao Liu1, Kaikai Lv1
1The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
Abstract:
Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, polarizing into distinct phenotypes upon sensing microenvironmental cues. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) function as both crucial metabolic substrates and key signaling molecules that dictate macrophage metabolic reprogramming and polarization. This review systematically delineates the mechanisms of LCFAs uptake via transporters (e.g., CD36, FATP1) and the molecular pathways by which LCFAs reshape macrophage lipid metabolism by modulating core metabolic nodes (e.g., FASN, SCD1, AMPK, PPARs). Distinct LCFAs exert differential regulatory functions: saturated fatty acids promote M1 pro-inflammatory polarization, whereas ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as MaR1 and RvD1, drive M2 anti-inflammatory polarization. These mechanisms play pivotal roles in metabolic diseases and cancer progression. This review offer novel perspectives on the intricate crosstalk between immunity and metabolism, and establish a theoretical foundation for developing therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage metabolism.
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