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Related Concept Videos

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

U-Shaped Horizontal Swimming Technique for Preparing High-Quality Sperm with Low DNA Fragmentation Index
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Published on: March 28, 2025

Liposome‑based extender consistently improves post-thaw semen quality in rams.

Elodie Mazenod1, Loris Commin1, Florine Bontemps1

  • 1Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2021.A104. ICE 'Interactions Cellules Environnement', Marcy l'Etoile, France.

Animal Reproduction Science
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Liposome-based extenders improve ram sperm cryopreservation outcomes compared to egg-yolk extenders. This advancement enhances sperm motility and membrane integrity post-thaw, crucial for germplasm conservation.

Keywords:
CryopreservationLiposomesSheepSperm MotilitySpermatozoa

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Handling and Treatment of Male European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) for Hormonal Maturation and Sperm Cryopreservation

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Animal Science
  • Cryobiology

Background:

  • Cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa is vital for genetic improvement and conservation.
  • Conventional egg-yolk-based (EY) extenders present challenges due to biological variability and biosecurity risks.
  • Development of chemically defined alternatives is needed to overcome limitations of EY extenders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of a commercial liposome-based (LB) extender against a traditional EY extender for ram semen cryopreservation.
  • To evaluate the impact of LB extenders on various in vitro sperm quality parameters post-thaw.

Main Methods:

  • A split-ejaculate design was employed across two experiments involving 42 ejaculates.
  • Ram semen was cryopreserved using either LB (OptiXcell®) or EY extenders.
  • Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), flow cytometry (plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential), and the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST).

Main Results:

  • LB-cryopreserved semen demonstrated significantly higher total and progressive motility, along with improved velocity parameters.
  • A greater proportion of spermatozoa exhibited intact plasma membranes and preserved acrosomes when using LB extenders.
  • Mitochondrial membrane potential was higher with LB in one experiment, indicating context-dependent effects; HOST showed no significant difference.

Conclusions:

  • Chemically defined liposome-based extenders enhance multiple in vitro indicators of ram sperm function post-cryopreservation.
  • LB extenders offer a promising alternative to conventional EY extenders, improving sperm quality parameters.
  • Further in vivo fertility trials are necessary to confirm the reproductive efficacy of LB extenders in ram semen.