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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

[Acute Subdural Empyema].

Ryosuke Hanaya1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Acute subdural empyema is a severe brain infection. Prompt diagnosis with MRI and treatment including antibiotics and surgery are crucial for better outcomes, though risks remain.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Acute subdural empyema is a dangerous intracranial infection.
  • It often arises from sinusitis, otitis, meningitis, head trauma, or surgery.
  • Symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, and neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of acute subdural empyema.
  • To highlight the importance of prompt intervention for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging (MRI, CT), laboratory findings, and treatment strategies.
  • Emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging for diagnosis and surgical vs. medical management.

Main Results:

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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

  • MRI, particularly diffusion-weighted imaging, is key for diagnosis.
  • Antibiotics and surgical drainage are standard treatments.
  • Outcomes vary, with mortality and sequelae common in severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are vital for acute subdural empyema.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving neurology, infectious disease, and neurosurgery is essential.
  • Despite advances, significant risks and long-term deficits persist.