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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes
06:44

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

[Brain Abscess].

Yoshihisa Kawano1, Taketoshi Maehara

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Science Tokyo.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Brain abscess, a serious brain infection, requires early diagnosis using diffusion-weighted MRI. Effective treatment combines antibiotics and surgery, guided by abscess characteristics and patient condition, to improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Brain abscess is a severe intracranial infection that develops from localized cerebritis into a distinct cavity.
  • Infection can spread through contiguous areas, the bloodstream (hematogenous dissemination), or have an unknown origin (cryptogenic).
  • Clinical diagnosis is difficult due to the frequent absence of the classic symptom triad.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brain abscess.
  • To emphasize the role of advanced imaging in early detection.
  • To highlight the importance of a tailored, stage-based treatment approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of infection routes: contiguous spread, hematogenous dissemination, and cryptogenic.

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Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
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Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

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Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes
06:44

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
05:02

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

Published on: October 2, 2018

  • Emphasis on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for diagnosis and differential assessment.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities including antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention.

    • Main Results:

    • DW-MRI is critical for the early and accurate diagnosis of brain abscess.
    • Treatment selection depends on abscess factors (size, location, stage) and patient status (neurological, general condition).
    • Combined antimicrobial and surgical approaches are standard.

    Conclusions:

    • An integrated, stage-based treatment strategy is vital for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are key to minimizing neurological deficits.
    • Brain abscess requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurology, infectious disease, and radiology specialists.