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[Flavivirus Infection (Japanese Encephalitis)].

¹Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi Prefectural Grand Medical Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo

|May 19, 2026

Summary

Japanese encephalitis is a serious neuroinfectious disease in Japan, particularly affecting older adults. Early diagnosis and recognition of clinical features are crucial for effective management and treatment.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Japanese encephalitis is a significant neuroinfectious disease in Japan.
Middle-aged and older adults are at increased risk due to lower antibody prevalence.
The summer-to-autumn season presents a higher risk for acute encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize key clinical aspects of Japanese encephalitis.
To guide clinicians in diagnosing acute encephalitis, especially during peak seasons.
To provide insights into the diagnostic approach for flavivirus encephalitides.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical features and diagnostic criteria for Japanese encephalitis.
Analysis of risk factors, including age and antibody prevalence.

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Correlation of clinical signs with neuroanatomical involvement.

Main Results:

Characteristic symptoms include high fever, impaired consciousness, and extrapyramidal signs.
Frequent involvement of the thalamus and substantia nigra is observed.
Diagnosis relies on serologic testing of acute and convalescent specimens.

Conclusions:

Clinicians should consider Japanese encephalitis in cases of acute encephalitis during summer and autumn.
Understanding characteristic clinical features aids in early diagnosis.
This summary also informs the diagnosis of other flavivirus encephalitides.