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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

[Acute Measles Encephalitis].

Hiroya Kuwahara1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Institute of Science Tokyo.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measles is a highly infectious illness. Acute measles encephalitis is a rare, severe complication that can be fatal or lead to lasting neurological issues, emphasizing the need for vaccination.

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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Measles is an acute, highly infectious viral illness.
  • Complications include pneumonia and encephalitis, with acute measles encephalitis being a rare but severe neurological sequela.
  • No specific antiviral treatment exists; management is supportive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation and outcomes of acute measles encephalitis.
  • To highlight the importance of vaccination in preventing measles and its severe complications.
  • To discuss strategies for maintaining measles control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical characteristics of acute measles encephalitis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding measles incidence and vaccination coverage.
  • Discussion of current prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Acute measles encephalitis presents with fever, altered consciousness, seizures, and neurological deficits.
  • The condition has a high mortality rate, with survivors often experiencing neurological deficits.
  • Japan's low measles incidence is attributed to high vaccination coverage.

Conclusions:

  • Acute measles encephalitis is a critical complication of measles infection.
  • Supportive care is the mainstay of management.
  • Maintaining high two-dose vaccination coverage and targeting unvaccinated adults are essential for measles prevention.