[Lyme Disease: Spirochaetota]

Lyme disease is a multisystemic zoonotic infection transmitted by the bite of infected Ixodes ticks. It displays highly diverse clinical manifestations, potentially affecting a wide array of organ systems. An infection that involves the nervous system is specifically categorized as Lyme neuroborreliosis, which can compromise both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging and time-consuming because some patients do not present with the easily identifiable pathognomonic skin lesion, erythema migrans, during physical examination. Therefore, when clinical suspicion arises, patients should be carefully evaluated for other systemic findings that support the diagnosis. Given the risk for long-term sequelae, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy without delay when clinical presentation supports this diagnosis.