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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Diffuse thyroid metastasis from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Aymen Bahsoun1, Aziz Farhat2, Sami Issa3

  • 1Radiology, University of Michigan Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA alexanderdream98@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid metastasis from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rare. This case highlights the importance of considering unusual metastatic sites in advanced head and neck cancers, particularly those linked to human papillomavirus.

Keywords:
Head and neck cancerHuman papilloma virusRadiologyThyroid Gland

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Published on: May 12, 2023

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid metastasis (TM) from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is exceptionally rare.
  • The thyroid's microenvironment typically does not support metastatic spread, making such occurrences noteworthy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of diffuse thyroid metastasis from p16-positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering uncommon metastatic sites in advanced OPSCC, especially HPV-related cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a male patient in his late 70s with p16-positive tonsillar SCC.
  • Diagnostic workup included assessment for dysphonia, weight loss, cervical lymphadenopathy, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid involvement.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with advanced SCC of the tonsil and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy.
  • Fine needle aspiration confirmed diffuse thyroid metastasis with p16-positive SCC.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced OPSCC can metastasize to unusual sites like the thyroid gland.
  • Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is crucial for identifying uncommon metastatic patterns, guiding tailored treatment strategies for rare presentations.