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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature01:27

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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Using Single-Worm Data to Quantify Heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans-Bacterial Interactions
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Remodeling parasite microenvironments: a cold-to-hot transformation.

Jiaqi Wang1, Zeming Wu2, Xuemin Jin3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.

Trends in Parasitology
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tissue-dwelling parasites create immune-suppressing microenvironments, hindering treatment. This research proposes adapting cancer therapies to reawaken the immune system, enhancing parasite clearance and drug efficacy.

Keywords:
T cell exhaustioncold tumorimmune checkpoint blockadeparasite microenvironmentresponsive nanomedicinestroma normalization

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Tissue-dwelling parasites pose significant challenges in infectious disease management.
  • Traditional treatments focus on anthelmintic resistance, overlooking parasite-driven host tissue manipulation.
  • Parasites actively create immune-suppressive, fibrotic barriers, forming 'cold' tumor-like microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a conceptual paradigm shift in managing persistent parasitic infections.
  • To explore the potential of host-directed therapies and targeted nanomedicine.
  • To adapt advanced oncological strategies for parasitic disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual proposal integrating cross-disciplinary evidence.
  • Adapting oncological strategies: stroma normalization, immune checkpoint blockade, and STING agonist delivery.
  • Theoretical transformation of parasitic lesions into immunologically 'hot' foci.

Main Results:

  • Parasites establish 'cold', tumor-like microenvironments that exclude and exhaust host immune cells.
  • Proposed therapies aim to convert these lesions into 'hot' foci.
  • Enhanced immune clearance and increased efficacy of conventional treatments are theoretically achievable.

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift towards host-directed therapies is necessary for persistent parasitic infections.
  • Oncological strategies offer a novel approach to overcome parasite-induced immune suppression.
  • Targeted nanomedicine and immune modulation can restore endogenous clearance mechanisms.