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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

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Supersensitivity to pentagastrin in diffuse oesophageal spasm.

V Eckardt, H Weigand

    Gut
    |September 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pentagastrin causes hypersensitive esophageal responses in patients with diffuse esophageal spasm. This effect is reversed by atropine and nitroglycerin, and can create a corkscrew esophagus appearance on barium studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Esophageal Motility Disorders

    Background:

    • Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by abnormal esophageal contractions.
    • Patients often present with dysphagia and chest pain.
    • Previous studies suggest hypersensitivity to certain agents in related conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of pentagastrin on esophageal motility in a patient with diffuse esophageal spasm.
    • To explore the potential inhibitory effects of atropine and nitroglycerin on pentagastrin-induced esophageal responses.
    • To assess the impact of pentagastrin on esophageal contour during barium examinations.

    Main Methods:

    • Esophageal manometry was performed.
    • Subcutaneous and intravenous injections of pentagastrin were administered.

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  • Intravenous atropine and nitroglycerin were used to assess inhibitory effects.
  • Barium examinations were conducted following pentagastrin injection.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient exhibited hypersensitive esophageal body responses to pentagastrin.
    • Atropine partially inhibited these responses, while nitroglycerin completely abolished them.
    • Subcutaneous pentagastrin injection induced a "corkscrew esophagus" appearance on barium studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Pentagastrin elicits hypersensitive esophageal motor responses in diffuse esophageal spasm.
    • Pharmacological agents like atropine and nitroglycerin can modulate these responses.
    • Pentagastrin may be a useful provocative agent for diagnosing esophageal motility abnormalities and visualizing characteristic radiographic findings.