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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Characteristic pathological findings of achalasia behind unresectable esophageal cancer with pathological complete

Koichi Okamoto1,2, Takashi Miyata3, Tetsuya Asakawa4

  • 1Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinadamachi, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. kokamoto@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.

BMC Gastroenterology
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal achalasia, a rare condition, is linked to esophageal cancer. This case details the first successful multidisciplinary treatment of advanced achalasia-associated squamous cell carcinoma, achieving a complete pathological response post-chemotherapy and surgery.

Keywords:
Case reportChemotherapyConversion surgeryEsophageal achalasiaEsophageal cancer

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Esophageal achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired peristalsis, dilation, and stenosis, and is a known risk factor for esophageal cancer.
  • This report details the first known case of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with achalasia that was successfully managed with a multidisciplinary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a unique case of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with achalasia.
  • To highlight the successful application of a multidisciplinary treatment strategy including induction chemotherapy, conversion surgery, and radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • A 69-year-old female with a history of dysphagia and vomiting was diagnosed with unresectable advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with metastases.
  • The patient received induction chemotherapy, followed by conversion thoracoscopic esophagectomy, and later radiotherapy for recurrence.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed a pathological complete response to treatment.

Main Results:

  • Induction chemotherapy led to significant tumor shrinkage and disappearance of metastatic lymph nodes.
  • Conversion surgery achieved a pathological complete response, indicating curative resection.
  • Despite initial success, the patient experienced recurrence and ultimately died 25 months post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • This case demonstrates the feasibility of achieving a pathological complete response in unresectable advanced esophageal cancer associated with achalasia through a multidisciplinary approach.
  • The findings underscore the importance of tailored treatment strategies for rare cancer presentations.
  • Further research into managing achalasia-associated esophageal cancer is warranted.