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Predicting societal risk factors for respiratory co-infections: a cross-sectional study based on multi-source fever

Jin Huang1, Meiquan Zhang2, Haiting Fan1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wusi Road, Fuzhou, China.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|May 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric viral-mycoplasma co-infections present unique patterns and increased severity. Key risk factors include poor hygiene, childcare attendance, and environmental conditions, necessitating targeted public health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Infections

Background:

  • Viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infections are significant causes of pediatric respiratory illness.
  • Understanding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these co-infections is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, and socio-environmental risk factors of viral-mycoplasma co-infections in children.
  • To provide evidence for improved clinical decision-making and public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 132 pediatric patients with confirmed co-infections and 185 with single infections.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, pathogen profiles, social behaviors, and environmental factors.
  • Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection was most common, predominantly in children aged 4-9 years.
  • Co-infected children exhibited longer fever duration, more severe symptoms, and elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Low ambient temperature, poor hand hygiene, childcare attendance, family infection history, and lack of influenza vaccination were significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Viral-mycoplasma co-infections in children have distinct epidemiological profiles and lead to more severe clinical outcomes.
  • Social behaviors and environmental factors are critical risk factors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Abstract

Keywords:
Co-infectionEpidemiologyFever clinicsMycoplasma infectionsPaediatricsViral infections

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