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Related Concept Videos

Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...

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Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
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Virtual reality exposure therapy with graded interviewer reactions for public speaking anxiety in university

Myungsung Kim1, Min Jeon1, Yerin Lee1

  • 1Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.

Trials
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) with graded interviewer reactions for public speaking anxiety (PSA). Results will clarify if interactive feedback enhances VRET effectiveness for students.

Keywords:
Job interview trainingPublic speaking anxietyRandomized controlled trialSocial presenceVirtual reality exposure therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Public speaking anxiety (PSA) significantly impacts university students' academic and professional lives.
  • Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) shows potential for PSA treatment, but the role of interviewer reactions is unclear.
  • This study compares VRET with graded interviewer reactions against standard automated VR exposure for PSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if VRET incorporating graded interviewer reactions is more effective than standard automated VR for reducing PSA.
  • To investigate the added value of social and emotional feedback within VRET interventions.
  • To inform the development of more effective VR-based anxiety treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A two-arm, parallel-group superiority randomized controlled trial involving 92 Korean university students with elevated PSA.
  • Participants received either VR interview training with graded interviewer reactions or control VR training with automated prompts.
  • Assessments included the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSAS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief, and physiological measures (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity).

Main Results:

  • Primary outcome: Change in PSAS total scores from baseline at post-intervention and follow-up assessments.
  • Secondary outcomes: Changes in social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and physiological anxiety indicators.
  • Exploratory outcomes: Analysis of behavioral synchrony and speech acoustic features to assess anxiety-related responses.

Conclusions:

  • This trial will provide evidence on the efficacy of graded interviewer reactions in VRET for PSA.
  • Findings may elucidate the importance of socially responsive feedback in virtual therapeutic environments.
  • The study aims to enhance the development of targeted VR interventions for anxiety disorders.