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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
07:31

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Protein Decoys, Alcohol, and Energy Intake: Testing a Mechanistic-Ecological Model.

Amanda Grech1,2, Stephen J Simpson1,2, David Raubenheimer1,2

  • 1Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol consumption impacts energy intake differently based on diet. It can increase calorie consumption with ultra-processed foods by interfering with protein satiety, contributing to obesity.

Keywords:
alcoholenergy balanceprotein

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Ultra-processed diets are linked to excessive energy intake.
  • The role of alcohol in energy balance is debated, despite ethanol's high energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic-ecological model explaining inconsistent alcohol-energy intake findings.
  • To test model predictions using population dietary data.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a mechanistic-ecological model based on established physiological mechanisms.
  • Utilized population dietary data and mixture analysis with nutritional geometry for validation.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol intake stimulates FGF21, altering taste preferences (increased umami, decreased sweet).
  • In ultra-processed diets, umami flavors act as protein decoys, leading to reduced protein intake and increased overall energy consumption (protein leverage).
  • Model predictions were confirmed in population data, showing variable effects of alcohol on energy intake across dietary patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol exacerbates the obesogenic potential of ultra-processed diets.
  • The findings explain variable alcohol effects on energy balance and highlight a critical interaction with modern dietary patterns.