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First in situ observations of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni.

Aaron B Judah^1,2, Alan J Jamieson³, Sarah R D Bingo²

¹Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.

Journal of Fish Biology

|May 20, 2026

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First live in situ observations of the goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) reveal new details about its ecology. These findings expand the known geographic and depth ranges for this elusive species and lamniform sharks.

Area of Science:

Marine Biology
Ichthyology
Deep-Sea Ecology

Background:

Goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) ecology is poorly understood due to limited observations, primarily from specimens brought to the surface.
Previous knowledge restricted the known geographic and depth distribution of this species.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the first live in situ observations of the goblin shark.
To extend the known geographic and depth range of Mitsukurina owstoni.
To contribute to understanding lamniform shark depth ranges.

Main Methods:

In situ video observations conducted on a seamount near Jarvis Island in 2019.
In situ video observations conducted on the slope of the Tonga Trench in 2024.

Keywords:

Lamniformes baited remote underwater video system deep sea depth record range extension remotely operated vehicle

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Main Results:

First live in situ observations of the goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) were successfully recorded.
Observations significantly extended the known geographic range, including new locations near Jarvis Island and the Tonga Trench.
The known depth range for the species was considerably extended, also increasing the maximum depth for lamniform sharks by 108 meters.

Conclusions:

Live in situ observations provide crucial ecological insights into deep-sea species like the goblin shark.
Further remote video sampling is essential for clarifying habitat preferences and assessing the conservation status of Mitsukurina owstoni.