Congenital Penile Curvature Is Associated With Larger Penile Dimensions: A Matched Case-Control Study

Clinical observation suggests that men with congenital penile curvature (CPC) often appear to have larger penile dimensions, yet this association has never been objectively investigated. Establishing whether CPC is linked to increased penile size could refine its morphometric characterization, improve preoperative counseling, and inform normative penile measurement references.

To determine whether men with CPC have greater stretched penile length (SPL) and mid-shaft penile circumference compared with age-, height-, and BMI-matched controls.

This single-center, retrospective, matched case-control study was conducted at a tertiary referral andrology center. Consecutive men with lifelong penile curvature ≥ 30°, without plaques, fibrosis, or trauma, were identified through standardized assessment using pharmacologically induced erection or self-photography (Kelami method). Each case was individually matched (1:2) with controls for age (±2 years), height (±3 cm), and BMI (±2 kg/m²). SPL was measured dorsally from the pubopenile junction to the glans tip under manual traction to maximal non-painful extension; mid-shaft circumference was measured in the flaccid state. Primary outcome was SPL; secondary outcome was mid-shaft penile circumference. Continuous variables were compared using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests as appropriate within matched triplets.

Fifty men with CPC and 100 matched controls were analyzed. Matching achieved an adequate balance for anthropometric parameters (all standardized mean differences < 0.10). Men with CPC had significantly greater SPL (mean within-set difference 1.82 cm; 95% CI 1.48-2.16; p < 0.001) and mid-shaft circumference (0.72 cm; 95% CI 0.48-0.96; p < 0.001). In exploratory subgroup analyses, length differences appeared greater in men with more severe curvature, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Men with CPC showed significantly greater penile dimensions than matched controls, supporting the hypothesis that CPC may be associated with a distinct morphometric pattern and suggesting potential relevance for surgical counseling, measurement standards, and future research.