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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium01:25

Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium

Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella, which use...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Aqueous Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold-Tin Alloy Nanoparticles
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Aqueous Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold-Tin Alloy Nanoparticles

Published on: March 15, 2024

Next-Generation Emerging Nanomaterials: Transforming the Nuclear Fuel Cycle.

Kankan Patra1,2, Haridas Pal2, Neeladri Das3

  • 1Nuclear Recycles Board, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tarapur 401502, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced nanomaterials are revolutionizing nuclear waste management by offering superior radionuclide remediation. This review highlights their mechanism-governed performance and proposes a unified evaluation method for sustainable nuclear fuel cycle development.

Keywords:
CNTsCOFsMOFsnanomaterialsradioactive waste managementseparation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Nuclear energy expansion necessitates advanced materials for hazardous radionuclide management.
  • Current remediation technologies face limitations in selectivity, kinetics, waste generation, and stability.
  • Emerging nanomaterials offer enhanced control over surface chemistry and adsorption for radionuclide separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism-governed performance of next-generation nanomaterials for radionuclide remediation and immobilization.
  • To link structure-property-function relationships under realistic conditions for condition-responsive comparisons.
  • To propose a unified context-aware benchmarking method for evaluating practical deployment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nanomaterial systems including MOFs, COFs, carbon-based architectures, nZVI, and MXenes.
  • Analysis of structure-property-function relationships under realistic conditions.
  • Development of a unified benchmarking method assessing resistance to competing ions, stability, regeneration, and scalability.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials demonstrate significant potential for selective radionuclide remediation and immobilization.
  • A context-aware benchmarking method facilitates critical evaluation of practical deployment.
  • Rationally engineered adsorbent systems can be developed across nanomaterial classes.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials are reshaping radionuclide separation science and offer a roadmap for sustainable nuclear wastewater management.
  • Addressing challenges like selectivity-capacity trade-offs and long-term integrity is crucial.
  • Integrating interfacial science with nanomaterial engineering is key for robust, selective, and scalable remediation systems.