A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Involving the Larynx

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by the formation of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition, leading to inflammation and damage across various organs. Although the disease commonly involves the skin, joints, kidneys, hematological system, and central nervous system, involvement of the larynx is distinctly rare and often remains undiagnosed. Laryngeal manifestations may vary from mild mucosal edema and dysphonia to severe ulceration, hemorrhage, cricoarytenoid arthritis, and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction. Due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation, laryngeal involvement in SLE may mimic infective, neoplastic, or other inflammatory conditions, posing a diagnostic challenge for otolaryngologists. We report a case of a 54-year-old female patient who presented with acute onset of odynophagia and a change in voice, which on Hopkins rod evaluation revealed marked supraglottic edema with hemorrhagic bullae and ulcerative lesions. Hematological findings revealed severe anemia and leukopenia, and immunological tests confirmed SLE. She was treated with systemic corticosteroids and supportive therapy, leading to significant clinical and endoscopic improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies such as SLE in patients presenting with unexplained laryngeal edema and ulceration, as early diagnosis and timely management are crucial to prevent airway compromise and associated morbidity.