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Exploring the Use of GLP-1-Based Interventions for Obesity: A Qualitative Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov Data

Nouf M Alourfi1, Nasser M Alorfi2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Arts and Sciences College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Rabigh, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are crucial for obesity treatment, showing sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits. Research trends reveal a shift towards broader metabolic and organ-specific outcomes beyond initial glycaemic control.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a cornerstone in obesity pharmacotherapy.
  • These agents offer significant weight loss and metabolic advantages beyond glycemic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze characteristics, design trends, and research themes of completed clinical trials for GLP-1-based obesity interventions.
  • To provide an overview of research maturity and evolving priorities in GLP-1 obesity pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Registry-based cross-sectional qualitative analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov data.
  • Included completed interventional trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity.
  • Extracted data on study phase, intervention, enrollment, outcomes, and completion year; thematic synthesis used.

Main Results:

  • 227 completed trials identified; liraglutide most studied, followed by semaglutide and tirzepatide.
  • Phase 3 and 4 trials predominated, typically with <200 participants.
  • Primary outcomes evolved from weight-centric to include hepatic, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory markers, with a surge post-2018.

Conclusions:

  • Completed GLP-1 obesity trials show an expanding research scope.
  • Focus is shifting from weight and glycemic control to comprehensive metabolic and organ-specific outcomes.
  • This analysis highlights evolving research priorities in GLP-1 obesity pharmacotherapy.
Keywords:
glucagon-like peptide-1liraglutidemetabolic outcomesobesitysemaglutidetirzepatide

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