Prevalence and symptomatology of anemia in young adults: A cross-sectional study

Anemia is a prevalent public health issue characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin concentration, often accompanied by nonspecific symptoms that overlap with various other medical conditions. Despite its high global and national prevalence, especially among women, the diagnostic value of clinical symptoms in identifying anemia remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and evaluate the frequency and severity of anemia-related symptoms.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students aged 18-35 between February and May 2025. Participants completed a detailed symptom questionnaire encompassing 44 anemia-related symptoms and underwent capillary hemoglobin measurement. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and regression analyses to explore the association between symptoms and anemia status.

A total of 251 participants (150 women, 101 men; median age: 22 Years) were included. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.3%, significantly higher in women (35.3%) than in men (17.8%, p=0.025). The most frequently reported symptoms among anemic participants included fatigue (87.3%), malaise (85.9%), and attention deficit (78.9%). No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency or severity of symptoms between anemic (median: 18 Symptoms) and non-anemic participants (median: 19 Symptoms)(all p>0.05). Regression analyses did not identify any predictive model for anemia based on symptomatology.

Anemia was found to be prevalent even among young and otherwise healthy individuals. Anemia-related symptoms were common and similar across both anemic and non-anemic participants, suggesting that such nonspecific complaints may reflect underlying physiological processes or nutritional deficiencies rather than anemia alone.