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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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Prediabetes before pregnancy: implications for risk stratification and research.

Saptarshi Bhattacharya1, Viswanathan Mohan2, Lakshmi Nagendra3

  • 1Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi.

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|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pregestational prediabetes, common in women of reproductive age, identifies those at higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This condition signals underlying metabolic issues with implications beyond pregnancy.

Keywords:
gestational diabetes mellitusglycemic continuuminsulin resistancematernal and fetal outcomespreconceptional careprediabetesrisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Pregnancy Complications

Background:

  • Prediabetes is prevalent in women of reproductive age and often precedes gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  • Risk factors for prediabetes and GDM overlap, including higher BMI, PCOS, advanced maternal age, and genetic predisposition.
  • Both conditions reflect underlying insulin resistance and compromised beta-cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if pregestational prediabetes identifies women at risk for subsequent GDM.
  • To examine the association of pregestational prediabetes with maternal and offspring outcomes during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review evaluating existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies linking pregestational glycemic status to pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Women with pregestational prediabetes show a higher likelihood of developing GDM, with risk increasing with glycemia.
  • Prediabetes is associated with modestly increased risks of hypertensive disorders and preterm birth.
  • Early pregnancy glycated hemoglobin in the prediabetes range predicts higher progression to type 2 diabetes compared to GDM diagnosed later.

Conclusions:

  • Prediabetes signifies heightened metabolic risk in women planning pregnancy, bridging preconception glycemic status to GDM and future diabetes.
  • Glycemic assessment in preconception care could improve GDM risk stratification.
  • Further prospective studies are required to fully define the predictive role of pregestational prediabetes for maternal, fetal, and long-term outcomes.