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Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
11:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Keratinocyte Priming by Staphylococcus aureus Reduces HSV-1 Susceptibility.

Phila Cara Baumann1, Rebecca Pospich1, Katinka Döhner1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Allergy
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin may protect against eczema herpeticum (a severe herpes simplex virus type 1 infection) by activating antiviral defenses in skin cells.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus sppTh2 cytokinesatopic dermatitiseczema herpeticumherpes simplex virusskin microbiota

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

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Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi
12:33

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi

Published on: July 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have increased risk of skin infections like eczema herpeticum (EH).
  • The role of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization in AD susceptibility to EH is not well understood.
  • This study investigates skin microbiome differences in AD patients with and without EH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare skin microbiome diversity in AD patients with (ADEH+) and without (ADEH-) EH.
  • To determine the impact of S. aureus and S. epidermidis on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which S. aureus may influence HSV-1 susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for skin microbiome analysis.
  • In vitro keratinocyte model with pre-incubation of heat-killed bacteria (HKSA, HKSE).
  • HSV-1 infection assays with and without Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), followed by transcriptomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • ADEH+ patients exhibited reduced microbial diversity with higher S. aureus and S. epidermidis colonization.
  • Heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA), but not S. epidermidis (HKSE), conferred protection against HSV-1 infection.
  • HKSA induced interferon pathways, antimicrobial peptides, and downregulated HSV-1 entry factors in keratinocytes.

Conclusions:

  • S. aureus colonization primes keratinocytes into a protective state against HSV-1.
  • This protective effect is mediated by the downregulation of viral entry receptors and activation of innate antiviral responses.
  • Findings suggest a potential role for S. aureus in modulating EH risk in atopic dermatitis.