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Published on: December 20, 2024
Repair Bond Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed CAD/CAM Hybrid Materials Using Different Repair Protocols: An In Vitro
Marko Milicevic1, Florian Beuer1, Nico Henning1
1Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid materials for milling and 3D-printing with and without thermocycling. Different repair protocols were tested.
Materials And Methods:
Two milled and one experimental 3D-printed hybrid material were tested with three repair systems (MO [universal primer and dental adhesive]; GC [Repair Kit]; Voco Cimara [Repair Kit]). A total of 180 specimens were prepared (n = 60 per material). Half underwent thermocycling (30,000 cycles, 5°C-55°C), while the others were stored in distilled water (37°C). Shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine. Fracture modes were analyzed microscopically, and selected samples were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's and Bonferroni post hoc tests (p < 0.05).
Results:
The results of the present study showed that the choice of repair protocol and the tested material significantly influenced the shear bond strength. MO achieved the highest shear bond strength values among all tested materials before and after thermocycling. After thermocycling, only GC in combination with the experimental 3D-printed material depicted an increase in shear bond strength (12.55 → 14.51 MPa). Regarding the tested milled materials, thermocycling reduced shear bond strength across all protocols.
Conclusions:
Shear bond strength was significantly influenced by the type of CAD/CAM material and repair protocol used. Thermocycling reduced shear bond strength in milled materials, while the 3D-printed material showed improved values with specific protocols. Clinicians should be aware that both the choice of CAD/CAM material and the repair protocol significantly affect bond strength.
