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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

Origami-Mediated Low-Voltage Electret Soft Robotic Actuators for Human-Machine Haptic Interfaces.

Han Chen1,2, Yongcheng He2, Jingyi Liu2,3

  • 1Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel low-voltage soft robotic actuator using origami and electret technology. The new design enables portable, safe, and effective haptic feedback for human-machine interfaces.

Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Haptic technology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Soft robotic actuators typically require high voltages, limiting their use in portable and wearable applications.
  • Achieving low-voltage operation with mechanical compliance is a key challenge in soft actuator design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-voltage electret soft robotic actuator with integrated mechanical compliance and electrical functionality.
  • To demonstrate the actuator's capability for vibrotactile feedback and tactile digital recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an origami-mediated symmetric multilayer architecture with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) electret films and micro air-cavity arrays.
  • Employed a folded copper origami structure as a compliant electrode.
  • Optimized electret charging and origami stiffness for performance.
Keywords:
electret‐based actuationhuman‐machine interfaceslow‐voltage haptic feedbackorigami‐inspired soft actuators

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Main Results:

  • The actuator achieved perceptible vibrotactile feedback at driving voltages as low as 20 V.
  • Reliable tactile digital recognition was demonstrated at 70 V using a 7-segment actuator array.
  • Stable output and durability were maintained over 10 hours of high-frequency operation.

Conclusions:

  • The origami-mediated low-voltage electret soft robotic actuator offers a promising solution for compact, low-voltage human-machine haptic interfaces.
  • The technology demonstrated statistically significant improvements in motor learning and perceived immersion in a virtual reality piano training task.
  • This approach advances the development of robust tactile performance in wearable haptic systems.