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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Shared circadian synchronicity in a syncytium.

Hannah L Coveney1, Yuxin Hong1, Priya Crosby1

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Core circadian rhythm proteins are shared between nuclei in the fungus Neurospora crassa. These proteins form dynamic nuclear bodies, suggesting spatiotemporal regulation of daily rhythms.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
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In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological processes that regulate daily physiological and behavioral cycles.
  • In multicellular organisms, circadian clocks are typically cell-autonomous.
  • The molecular mechanisms of circadian regulation in syncytial organisms remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the localization and dynamics of core circadian clock proteins in the syncytial fungus Neurospora crassa.
  • To determine if circadian regulatory proteins are shared between adjacent nuclei within a single syncytium.
  • To explore the potential spatiotemporal regulation of circadian transcription in this organism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live-cell imaging techniques to visualize fluorescently tagged core circadian proteins.
  • Performed high-resolution microscopy to analyze protein localization and dynamics within nuclei.
  • Quantified protein abundance and colocalization patterns over time.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that core circadian regulatory proteins are shared between adjacent nuclei in Neurospora crassa.
  • Observed the formation of highly dynamic nuclear bodies composed of these core circadian proteins.
  • Showed that the abundance and colocalization of these nuclear bodies oscillate rhythmically.
  • Indicated potential for switch-like spatiotemporal regulation of circadian transcription.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the paradigm of strictly cell-autonomous circadian clocks.
  • Suggests a novel mechanism of circadian regulation through inter-nuclear protein sharing in syncytial systems.
  • Highlights the dynamic nature of nuclear bodies in spatiotemporal control of gene expression.