Nanoparticles synthesis, properties and promising devices for drug delivery systems: a review

This review focused on developing the nanomedicine through inclusive discussions about synthesis, physicochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications of different nanoparticles (NPs). Liposomal NP_S encapsulates the hydrophobic drugs in a lipid bilayer allowing for targeted delivery to specific tissues while reducing toxicity. The polymeric NPs are made from biodegradable material-controlled release and deliver drugs including biomacromolecules, resulting in therapeutic applications. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit distinctive optical and electrical properties, where they are used for targeted therapy and imaging in drug delivery systems (DDS). The current advancements focus on controlling the size, shape, and surface chemistry to develop smart NPs. Nanotechnology could provide numerous benefits, such as treating long-lasting human diseases by site-specific drug efficacy and target-oriented delivery of exact nanomedicines. Different synthesized NPs affect the lifelong activities of tumor cells, breast cancer, and several other related diseases due to their outstanding capability to control chemotherapy and immunotherapy, respectively. Drug nanomaterials are designed to deliver the target tissues resulting in declining toxicity and increasing patients' compliance with a lower dosing index. The modern novelty of NPs lies in their ability to exhibit applications, specifically sustainable green synthesis, stimuli-responsiveness, multifunctional agents in biomedicine and environmental remediation, respectively. The integration of NPs based systems into medicine highlights their potential to develop drug delivery by improving efficacy and safety profiles in future perspectives.