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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Net Torque Calculations01:19

Net Torque Calculations

When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to rotate...
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Quantifying Magnetic Anisotropy of Ferroelectric Fe(II) Square-Pyramidal Systems Using Torque Magnetometry.

Vijaya Thangaraj1, Gemma K Gransbury2, Deepanshu Chauhan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new iron(II) complexes exhibiting strong magnetic anisotropy and piezoelectricity. These multifunctional materials pave the way for advanced spin-electric devices.

Keywords:
cantilever torque magnetometrycoordination complexferroelectriciron

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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Materials Science
  • Magnetochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Designing mononuclear complexes with multiple functionalities is crucial for molecular materials.
  • Achieving magnetic anisotropy in polar crystal lattices is challenging but key for spin-electric materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel five-coordinate Fe(II) complexes with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy and piezoelectric properties.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships governing magnetic anisotropy and polarization in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of Fe(II) complexes.
  • Cantilever torque magnetometry to measure magnetic anisotropy (Zero Field Splitting parameter D).
  • Ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations for electronic structure and Spin Hamiltonian parameters.
  • Piezoresponse force microscopy and Polarization vs Electric field measurements for piezoelectric response.

Main Results:

  • Five-coordinate, square-pyramidal Fe(II) complexes [Fe(L)(X)2]·CHCl3 crystallized in polar space group P1.
  • Exhibited strong easy-axis magnetic anisotropy with large negative D values ( -25.6 cm⁻¹ for X=Cl, -19.8 cm⁻¹ for X=Br).
  • Demonstrated intrinsic polarization and nanoscale piezoelectric response, confirmed by experimental and computational methods.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized Fe(II) complexes are promising multifunctional spin-electric materials.
  • Subtle structural and electronic factors, like Fe(II) displacement, critically influence magnetic anisotropy.
  • These findings offer a platform for designing advanced molecular architectures with coupled spin and electric properties.