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Updated: May 21, 2026

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components
08:17

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Water-Triggered Shape-Adaptive Superelastic Hydrogels for Electromagnetic Sealing.

Xiaojiang Ge1, Xuan Zhang2, Jianyong Yu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel shape-memory hydrogel for advanced wave absorption. This intelligent material autonomously fills complex gaps in radar systems, enhancing electromagnetic shielding and preventing signal leakage.

Keywords:
electromagnetic wave absorptionhydrogels, nanofibersshape‐adaptivesuperelastic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electromagnetics
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Irregular gaps in active phased array radars (e.g., between transmit/receive modules, substrates, radomes) are key pathways for electromagnetic energy leakage and crosstalk.
  • Current wave-absorbing materials lack the adaptability to conformally cover and fill these complex, irregular cavities due to their fixed shapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a shape-autonomous strategy for wave-absorbing materials.
  • To develop a novel wave-absorbing hydrogel with shape-memory properties for conformal coverage in radar systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a shape-memory wave-absorbing hydrogel incorporating elastic inorganic fibers and conductive carbon nanotubes.
  • Implementation of a reversible 'compress-dehydrate/rehydrate-recover' cycle.
  • Utilizing an elastic fibrous framework and dynamic hydrogen bond 'break-reform' mechanism to enhance shape recovery.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogel (NFHsc) demonstrated full recovery under 80% strain and shape-memory behavior.
  • Achieved effective wave absorption with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -45 dB.
  • Exhibited an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of up to 7.23 GHz and injectability.

Conclusions:

  • The novel intelligent adaptive wave-absorbing hydrogel offers a solution for conformal coverage and filling of complex radar cavities.
  • This approach provides a new paradigm for engineering adaptive, multifunctional hydrogels for diverse applications beyond radar systems.