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Data Validation

Data Validation

Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
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Health Literacy

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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Published on: March 19, 2021

Development of a Validated Lay Checklist (Info Without Side Effects) for Assessing Health Information on Websites:

Ursula Griebler¹, Irma Klerings¹, Christina Koscher-Kien¹

¹Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria, 43 2732893 ext 2914.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|May 20, 2026

Summary

A new 7-item checklist, Info Without Side Effects (iWISE), helps laypersons evaluate online health information trustworthiness. This tool significantly improves critical health literacy by distinguishing evidence-based from non-evidence-based health websites.

Keywords:

checklist critical health literacy health information health information websites online health information

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'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

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Published on: September 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Published on: March 19, 2021

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

Published on: September 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Health Communication
Digital Health Literacy
Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

The internet is a primary source of health information, but its quality varies significantly.
Many individuals have limited health literacy, hindering their ability to assess online health information accuracy and trustworthiness.
Existing evaluation tools are often too complex for laypersons or designed for print media.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a user-friendly checklist for laypersons to assess the trustworthiness of online health information without prior training.

Main Methods:

A multistage mixed-methods approach was employed, including literature reviews, expert Delphi studies, and cognitive interviews with lay users.
The checklist was refined through application testing on health intervention web pages and validation against factually assessed content.
Bayesian logistic regression was used to analyze predictive validity.

Main Results:

The Info Without Side Effects (iWISE) checklist was developed, containing seven items assessing advertising, information balance, jargon, source independence, citations, scientific validation, and publication date.
The iWISE checklist effectively distinguished between evidence-based and non-evidence-based health information websites in German.
High checklist compliance (all 'yes' responses) predicted a nearly 100% probability of factually correct health information.

Conclusions:

The iWISE checklist is a validated, user-friendly tool for assessing the trustworthiness of online health intervention information.
Its simplicity (seven items) aids memorization and can substantially enhance critical health literacy.
Future research should explore the checklist's applicability to social media and video health content.