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Intellectual Disability01:29

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Virtual Consultations for People With Intellectual Disabilities in General Practice and Community Care: Mixed Methods

Freda Mold1, Anna Cox1, Vicki Tsianakas2

  • 1School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Virtual consultations (VCs) improved digital health access for people with intellectual disabilities. Ensuring quality and safety requires ongoing patient needs assessment and considering their preferences in care planning.

Keywords:
access to carecommunity caredigital inclusiongeneral practiceinformation and communication technologiesintellectual disabilitiespatient safetyremote consultationsvideo conferencingvirtual consultations

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Digital Health
  • Intellectual Disabilities Care

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual consultations (VCs) in general practice and community care.
  • People with intellectual disabilities, their families, support workers, and healthcare professionals rapidly adapted to VCs.
  • Experiences and perceptions of VCs for this population remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quality and safety of virtual consultations (VCs) from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities.
  • To gather insights from families, support workers, general practitioners, and community care professionals regarding VC experiences.
  • To identify key factors influencing the effectiveness and safety of VCs for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Experience-Based Co-design approach, including observation of 3 VCs.
  • Conducted 34 semi-structured interviews with diverse stakeholders: individuals with intellectual disabilities, family members, support workers, GPs, and community care professionals.
  • Employed framework analysis for data interpretation over a 30-month study period (November 2021 - April 2024).

Main Results:

  • Five key themes emerged regarding VC quality and safety: context/purpose, choice of modality, building trust/relationships, personalization/adjustments, and continuity of care.
  • Participants recognized VC limitations impacting safety (e.g., home monitoring gaps, inability to detect vital signs).
  • Benefits identified include timely care, enhanced relationships, increased attendance, and continuous connection with healthcare teams.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual consultations present a significant opportunity to enhance digital inclusion in healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities.
  • Optimizing VC quality and safety necessitates continuous evaluation of patient needs and incorporating their preferences into care.
  • Personalized approaches and consideration of reasonable adjustments are crucial for effective VCs in this population.