Gender-Based Differences in Parenting Experiences of Surgical Faculty and Trainees
Emma G Burke1, Sarah Peiffer1, Melissa Koci1
1Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|May 20, 2026
Summary
Female surgeons report greater concerns about discrimination due to parenthood compared to male surgeons. Tailored postpartum support is crucial for retaining diverse talent in surgery.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Surgical sciences
- Gender studies in medicine
Background:
- Gender equity is vital for retaining women in surgery.
- Previous studies detailed peripartum complications and discrimination among female surgical trainees and faculty.
- Limited data exist on parenting experiences comparing male and female surgeons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare work-related parenting concerns between male and female surgeons.
- To identify gender-based differences in the impact of parenthood on surgical careers.
Main Methods:
- Anonymous survey distributed to surgical residents, fellows, and faculty at an academic medical center.
- Respondents were categorized by self-reported gender identity.
- Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for group comparisons.
Main Results:
- Ninety-six percent of mothers had employed spouses/partners, compared to 67% of fathers (P=0.004).
- Women reported significantly more impact of having children on career trajectory (P<0.001) and obtaining positions (P=0.006).
- Men were less concerned about perceived performance impact from parenthood (P=0.007) than women.
Conclusions:
- Childcare concerns are prevalent for both genders, but women more frequently report concerns about parenthood-related discrimination.
- Enhanced postpartum support systems are essential for recruiting and retaining diverse surgical talent.
- Gender-informed strategies are needed to promote equity in surgical training and practice.
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